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The throttle body is a part of the engine's intake system which regulates the amount of air that is mixed with fuel for combustion. The throttle body housing encases the throttle body. The engine needs oxygen from the air in order for combustion to work. It is imperative that the car's engine is supplied with the correct amount of clean, filtered air. Air needs to be as clean as possible before it mixes with the fuel and burns in the cylinders of the engine. The overall result of this ensures the engine is working to its optimum, providing more power and fuel efficiency.  A car's air intake system consists of several vital components that work together to ensure the air entering the engine is a steady and uninterrupted flow of clean, filtered air, of exactly the right amount.  

Located on top of the intake manifold, the throttle body housing covers and protects the throttle body and is designed to assist with the flow of the air/fuel mixture. This part is usually manufactured from specialised plastic to be able to withstand high temperatures.

The throttle body houses a valve or flap known as the throttle plate which opens and closes to regulate airflow into the engine. This is controlled by movement of the accelerator pedal by the driver although may also have additional input from the engine control unit (ECU). The throttle body is located on the top of the engine between the airbox/air filter and inlet/intake manifold which are often connected together with rubber, silicone or metal tubing. 

Problems can occur with the throttle body and housing due to a build of dirt or soot causing restrictions in the air flow or movement of the throttle plate. When you need to replace this part, buying a good quality throttle body housing will give you a component specifically designed for the make and model of your vehicle.